Efficacy of the photon-induced photoacoustic streaming combined with nano-silver solution on Enterococcus faecalis in root canals / 口腔医学

Objective@#o explore the antibacterial effect of combined use of photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canals.@*Methods@#A total of 36 isolated teeth with single root canal were collected to establish an experimental root canal model of Enterococcus faecalis infection. Samples were randomly divided into six groups and 0.9% NaCl, 2% NaClO, 0.1% AgNPs solutions were used with conventional needle irrigation (CNI) or PIPS for root canals. Colony count method was used to measure the number of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canals before and after treatment, and the percentage of colony count reduction was calculated.@*Results@#The inhibitory effect of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in all experimental groups was stronger than that in the control group (P<0.05). The decrease amplitude of 0.9% NaCl, 2% NaClO, 0.1% AgNPs assisted with PIPS was greater than that of 0.9% NaCl, 2% NaClO, 0.1% AgNPs assisted with CNI (P<0.05). The decrease in the 0.1% AgNPs assisted with PIPS group was significantly greater than that in the 2% NaClO assisted with PIPS group (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#PIPS-assisted AgNPs solution washing can significantly improve the effect of clearing Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canals.

Design and implementation of Internet of Things for emergency medical devices based on cloud-edge-device architecture / 生物医学工程学杂志

Internet of Things (IoT) technology plays an important role in smart healthcare. This paper discusses IoT solution for emergency medical devices in hospitals. Based on the cloud-edge-device architecture, different medical devices were connected; Streaming data were parsed, distributed, and computed at the edge nodes; Data were stored, analyzed and visualized in the cloud nodes. The IoT system has been working steadily for nearly 20 months since it run in the emergency department in January 2021. Through preliminary analysis with collected data, IoT performance testing and development of early warning model, the feasibility and reliability of the in-hospital emergency medical devices IoT was verified, which can collect data for a long time on a large scale and support the development and deployment of machine learning models. The paper ends with an outlook on medical device data exchange and wireless transmission in the IoT of emergency medical devices, the connection of emergency equipment inside and outside the hospital, and the next step of analyzing IoT data to develop emergency intelligent IoT applications.

Reflection on the regulatory path for online sales of Chinese medicinal materials in the context of live streaming / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide feasible regulatory paths for the online sales supervision of Chinese medicinal materials from the perspective of the characteristics of new online sales and the characteristics of Chinese medicinal materials. METHODS Through the investigation of the sales form of Chinese medicinal materials on the e-commerce platform and the search of Chinese medicinal materials online dispute cases， the difficulties and existing problems in the supervision of Chinese medicinal materials under the new online sales model were analyzed， and corresponding countermeasures were proposed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Clarifying the conceptual boundary between Chinese medicinal materials and their decoction pieces， agricultural products and food is the key to standardizing the online sale of Chinese medicinal materials. The regulatory criteria， which determine whether Chinese medicinal materials belong to drug management based on whether they had been included in medicinal channels， didn’t consider the diversity of online sales channels for Chinese medicinal materials， their safety and the disguised sales of Chinese herbal decoction pieces. It is necessary to establish the concept of hierarchical management of Chinese medicinal materials， strictly restrict the behavior of claiming the efficacy of Chinese medicinal materials and selling Chinese herbal decoction pieces in live streaming， improve the defining path of false propaganda of Chinese medicinal materials， implement the responsibilities and obligations of live streaming marketing subjects and platforms， and safeguard the legitimate rights of consumers.

Adaptación del equipo docente del laboratorio de aprendizaje de prácticas simuladas al proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en modalidad virtual. Relato de experiencia. / Adaptation of the teaching team of the simulated practice learning laboratory to the teaching-learning process in virtual mode. Experience report

El presente relato describe la adaptación que atravesó el equipo docente del Laboratorio de Aprendizaje de Prácticas Simuladas en una institución educativa de nivel universitario en Argentina al enfrentar el cambio en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, para ajustarse a las nuevas modalidades educativas con el fn de dar seguimiento a las actividades prácticas de simulación. En base a ello, se buscó reconocer como se logró, en dos aspectos: en primer lugar, relacionado a las tecnologías que debieron de adquirir; y en segundo, referido a las plataformas que debieron utilizar, considerándose los cambios a evaluar e implementar en la virtualidad, sirvieron como punto de partida para la creación de reglamentos y propuestas pedagógicas en simulación clínica. A modo de cierre, se arribó a conclusiones y retroalimentaciones positivas en cuanto a los objetivos planteados, pudiendo así implementar favorablemente estrategias tales como plataformas de trasmisión (streaming), recursos digitales e interrogación. (debriefng)[AU]

This report describes the adaptation that the teaching team of the Simulated Practices Learning Laboratory went through in a university-level educational institution in Argentina when facing the change in the teaching-learning process, to adjust to the new educational modalities in order to follow up on practical simulation activities. Based on this, we sought to recognize how it was achieved in two aspects; in the frst place, related to the technologies that they had to acquire; and secondly, referring to the platforms that they had to use, considering the changes to be evaluated and implemented in virtuality, which served as a starting point for the creation of regulations and pedagogical proposals in clinical simulation. By way of closing, positive conclusions and feedback were reached regarding the objectives set, thus being able to favorably implement strategies such as streaming, digital resources and debriefng[AU]

Este relatório descreve a adaptação que a equipe docente do Laboratório de Aprendizagem de Práticas Simuladas passou em uma instituição educacional de nível universitário na Argentina diante da mudança no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, para se adequar às novas modalidades educacionais para acompanhar atividades práticas de simulação. Com base nisso, buscou-se reconhecer como isso foi alcançado em dois aspectos; em primeiro lugar, relacionadas com as tecnologias que tiveram de adquirir; e em segundo lugar, referindo-se às plataformas que deveriam utilizar, considerando as mudanças a serem avaliadas e implementadas na virtualidade, que serviram de ponto de partida para a criação de normativas e propostas pedagógicas em simulação clínica. Em jeito de encerramento, chegaram-se a conclusões e feedback positivos relativamente aos objetivos traçados, podendo assim implementar de forma favorável estratégias como streaming, recursos digitais e debriefng[AU]

Numerical Analysis on Micro-Element Streaming Potential of Articular Cartilage / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the distribution of streaming potential generated by interstitial fluid flow in articular cartilage and obtain electrical characteristics of articular cartilage. Methods The governing equation of fluid and electrostatic theory were combined to establish a two-dimensional (2D) micro-element model of cartilage, and the steady streaming potential generated in microelement under certain pressure was calculated by finite element method. Results The streaming potential in micro-pore model of articular cartilage with the length of 5 μm was about 38.4 μV. The effect of external pressure and Zeta potential on streaming potential of articular cartilage model was significant and showed a linear increase relationship. The streaming potential decreased with the increase of ion number concentration, but the concentration had different effects on streaming potential of articular cartilage. When the ion number concentration was low, streaming potential was more dependent on ion number concentration. When ion number concentration was high, the effect of ion number concentration on streaming potential was very small. Conclusions The results of this study provide important theoretical basis for differentiation and proliferation of chondrocytes, prevention and treatment of articular cartilage diseases, development of tissue-engineered cartilage and repair of articular cartilage injury by means of electric current, electric field and electromagnetic field stimulation.

A preliminary study on the out-of-field in-air electron streaming effect in MRI guided radiotherapy / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the impacts of electron streaming effect (ESE) on out-of-field dose distribution in 1.5 T MRI-guided radiotherapy.Methods:Firstly, the Monaco v5.40.1 (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) treatment planning system (TPS) was implemented to investigate the ESE in a square field (5 cm × 5 cm) at the entry and exit sides of a special homogeneous water phantom. Afterward, a retrospective investigation was conducted into one laryngeal cancer case and one breast cancer case who had been treated on a conventional linear particle accelerator (linac). Then doses were recalculated in the Monaco system using a Unity machine model. Meanwhile, the out-of-field skin dose enhancement induced by ESE was investigated.Results:ESE-induced dose variations were observed at both the entry and exit sides of the phantom surface in the presence of a magnetic field, with the ESE on the exit side notably stronger than that on the entry side. For the laryngeal cancer case, the ESE was not notable and had insignificant impacts on the out-of-field skin dose. In contrast, ESE-induced in-air high-dose region outside the body stretched to the chin area for the breast cancer case. This led to the skin dose escalation of the chin at D1 cm 3 454.6 cGy. After the application of 1 cm bolus, the corresponding skin dose of the chin D1 cm 3 reduced to as low as 113.6 cGy, which is almost equivalent to that in the absence of a magnetic field ( D1 cm 3=92.5 cGy). Conclusions:The ESE in a magnetic field can alter out-of-field dose and lead to local dose enhancement along the electron path. Although the ESE had insignificant impacts on the out-of-field dose of the laryngeal cancer case, it reached the chin area of the breast cancer case. ESE can be effectively shielded by adding protective bolus.

Sobre(vivência) da Violência: Os Rastros Silenciados da Ditadura Civil-Militar Brasileira / Survival of Violence: The Silenced Traces of the Brazilian Civil-Military Dictatorship / Súper(vivencia) de la Violencia: Las Huellas Silenciadas de la Dictadura Civil-Militar Brasileña / Sur(Vie) de la Violence: Des Silencieux Traces de la Dictature Civile-Militaire Brésilienne

A violência de Estado exercida ao longo do período da ditadura civil-militar brasileira deixou como consequência inúmeras marcas e não ditos sociais, além da produção de um trauma individual àqueles que sofreram diretamente com a violência imposta e com o desaparecimento dos seus familiares. Nessa via, ao adentrarmos no campo do traumático, tornou-se essencial aproximarmo-nos da história e do passado, sem ceder ao silenciamento imposto. Dessa forma, no referido artigo, buscou-se abrir espaços para demarcar o que não quer ser visto, ou lembrado, em uma sociedade, visando à apresentação de uma contra-história da ditadura civil-militar brasileira imersa em questionamentos e reflexões que permitam o vislumbrar de outro lugar, cercado de ressignificações, as vidas que foram silenciadas, torturadas, mortas e desaparecidas e, consequentemente, a sociedade brasileira. Diante desses objetivos, buscou-se como fio condutor de nossa reflexão o campo dos estudos utópicos na medida em que este propõe um método de leitura crítica da história, apontando seus mecanismos de repetição e, ao mesmo tempo, abrindo espaço para outras narrativas possíveis e que indicam um desejo de transposição. Dessa forma, visou-se identificar as contradições existentes no âmbito social, circunscrevendo assim um lugar de crise. Assim, nos aproximamos, nesse ponto, da proposta de Walter Benjamin de ler a história a contrapelo. Nessa via, retomaram-se os aspectos históricos da ditadura civil-militar, as violências, o campo do traumático e suas possíveis formas de transmissão. Em seguida, iniciou-se o processo de análise dos inúmeros não ditos sociais perpetrados no período ditatorial através da valorização da memória, dos restos e dos rastros. Em vias de conclusão, evidenciou-se as dificuldades da sociedade brasileira em se ocupar com o traumático imposto pelas violências exercidas na ditadura e as suas consequências na democracia e, assim, apontou-se a criação e a atuação da Comissão Nacional da Verdade como uma tentativa de inscrição de uma contra-história que valorize a narrativa e o testemunho daqueles que foram silenciados pelo traumático.

The violence of the State during the period of the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship left as a consequence innumerable marks and not social sayings, besides the production of an individual trauma to those who suffered directly with the imposed violence and with the disappearance of their relatives. In this way, as we entered the field of the traumatic, it became essential to approach history and the past, without yielding to the silencing imposed. Thus, in this article, we sought to open spaces to demarcate what does not want to be seen or remembered in a society, aiming at presenting a counter-history of the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship immersed in questions and reflections that allow to glimpse from another place, surrounded by resignifications, the lives that were silenced, tortured, died and disappeared and, consequently, Brazilian society. In view of these objectives, the field of utopian studies was sought as the guiding thread of our reflection insofar as it proposes a method of critical reading of history, pointing out its mechanisms of repetition and, at the same time, opening space for other possible narratives and which indicate a desire for transposition. In this way, the aim was to identify the contradictions existing in the social sphere, thus circumscribing a place of crisis. Thus, we approach, at this point, the proposal of Walter Benjamin to read history against the grain. In this way, the historical aspects of the civil-military dictatorship, the violence, the traumatic field and its possible forms of transmission were resumed. Then the process of analysis of the numerous social non-sayings perpetrated in the dictatorial period through the valorization of memory, remains and traces began. The Brazilian society's difficulties in dealing with the traumatic violence imposed on the dictatorship and its consequences on democracy were highlighted, and the creation of the National Truth Commission was pointed out as an attempt to inscribe a counter-history that values the narrative and testimony of those who have been silenced by the traumatic.

La violencia del Estado ejercida a lo largo del período de la dictadura civil-militar brasileña dejó como consecuencia incontables marcas y secretos sociales, además del trauma individual provocado en aquellos que sufrieron directamente con la violencia impuesta y con el desaparecimiento de sus familiares. En esa vía, al adentrarnos en el campo del traumático, se hizo necesario acercarnos a la historia y al pasado, sin dar paso al silenciamiento impuesto. Así, en este artículo, se buscó abrir espacios para demarcar lo que no se quiere ser visto, o recordado, en una sociedad, objetivando la presentación de una contra-historia de la dictadura civil-militar brasileña inmersa en cuestionamientos y reflexiones que permitan el vislumbre de otro lugar, cercado de resignificaciones, las vidas que fueron calladas, torturadas, muertas y desaparecidas y, consecuentemente, la sociedad brasileña. Ante estos objetivos, se buscó como hilo conductor de nuestra reflexión el campo de los estudios utópicos al paso en que este propone un método de lectura crítica de la historia, apuntando sus mecanismos de repetición y, al mismo tiempo, abriendo espacio para otras narrativas posibles y que indican un deseo de transposición. De esa forma, se objetivó identificar las contradicciones existentes en el ámbito social, limitando así un lugar de crisis. Nos acercamos, en este punto, de la propuesta de Walter Benjamin de leer la historia a contrapelo. En esta vía se retomaron los aspectos históricos de la dictadura civil-militar, las violencias, el campo del traumático y sus posibles formas de transmisión. En seguida, se inició el proceso de análisis de los incontables secretos sociales perpetrados en el período dictatorial por medio de la valorización de la memoria, de los restos y de las huellas. En conclusión, se evidenció las dificultades de la sociedad brasileña en ocuparse con el traumático impuesto por las violencias ejercidas en la dictadura y sus consecuencias en la democracia y, así, se indicó la creación de la Comisión Nacional de la verdad como un intento de inscripción de una contra-historia que valorice la narrativa y el testimonio de aquellos que fueron calados por el traumático.

La violence d'État exercée pendant la période de la dictature civile-militaire brésilienne a laissé conséquence de nombreuses marques sociales, ainsi que la production d' un traumatisme chez ceux qui ont souffert directement avec la violence imposée à eux et avec le disparition de leurs familles. Dans ce sens, quand on rentre dans le domaine des traumatismes, c'est indispensable d'aborder l'histoire et le passé, sans céder au silence forcé. De cette façon, dans cet article, on a cherché à ouvrir des espaces pour délimiter ce qui ne veut pas être vu, ou rappelé, dans une société, visant à la présentation d'une contre-histoire de la dictature civil-militaire brésilienne immergée dans les questions et réflexions qui permettent apercevoir chez d'autre endroit, entouré de signification, les vies qui ont été réduites au silence, torturées, tuées et disparues et, par conséquence, la propre société brésilienne . Devant ces objectifs, on a cherché comme fil conducteur de notre réflexion, le domaine d'études utopiques à mesure où il propose une méthode de lecture critique de l'histoire, et montre ses mécanismes de répétition et, en même temps, donne place aux autres récits possibles et indiquent un désir de transposition. De cette façon, on a cherché à identifier les contradictions existantes dans la sphère sociale, circonscrivant ainsi un lieu de crise. Donc, on s'approche, à ce point, de la proposition de Walter Benjamin de lire l'histoire à contre-courant. En ce sens, on a reprit les aspects historiques de la dictature civil-militaire, de la violence, du champ traumatique et leurs formes possibles de transmission. Ensuite, on a commencé le processus d'analyse de nombreux non-dits sociaux commis dans la période dictatoriale par la récupération de la mémoire, des restes et des traces. Comme conclusion, des difficultés de la société brésilienne en ce qui concerne la violence traumatique imposée par la dictature et ses conséquences dans la démocratie ont été soulignées. Ainsi, on a attiré l'attention au travail de la Commission Nationale de Vérité comme un essai d'une contre-histoire qui souligne le récit et le témoignage de ceux qui ont été réduits au silence par le traumatisme.

Comparison of different final irrigant agitation techniques for the removal of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms from root canals: an in vitro study / Comparação de diferentes técnicas finais de agitação de irrigantes para a remoção de biofilmes de Enterococcus faecalis de canais radiculares: estudo in vitro

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effectiveness of different final irrigant agitation techniques in the removal of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms from root canals. Material and Methods: In total, the root canals of 85 extracted single-rooted human maxillary incisors teeth were prepared using the Revo-S system to a 40/06 size. The apical foramen of each tooth was sealed by light-cured resin composite material to obstruct bacterial leakage. The specimens were sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C for 15 min and stored until further use. All teeth except five (negative control group) were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and incubated in a CO2 chamber at 37°C for 7 days; the trypticase soy broth was changed every 2 days. For the determination of possible biofilm formation, five of the 80 teeth were randomly selected as a positive control group; one tooth of positive control group was analysed for biofilm development by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and these teeth received no final irrigant agitation procedure. Then, the remaining 75 teeth were randomly divided into five test groups (n=15 each) and were sequentially irrigated with 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 5% NaOCl. Following each irrigant application, different final irrigant agitation techniques were introduced for 60 s (3×20-s sessions). Group 1 received manual­ dynamic agitation, group 2 received passive ultrasonic agitation (PUI), group 3 received EndoActivator agitation, group 4 received photoninitiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) with the Er:YAG laser and group 5 received conventional syringe irrigation. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted in samples from the positive control and test groups. Data were analysed using Kruskal­ Wallis and post-hoc Mann­Whitney U multiple comparison tests. Results: E. faecalis elimination was significantly better in the experimental groups than in the positive control groups (p < 0.001). Manual­dynamic agitation and conventional syringe irrigation, with no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Essentially, CFU reduction was significantly greater in the PUI, EndoActivator and PIPS groups than in the manual­dynamic agitation and conventional syringe irrigation groups (p <0.001) , with no significant differences among the former three groups. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi comparar a eficácia de diferentes técnicas finais de agitação de irrigantes na remoção de biofilmes de Enterococcus faecalis de canais radiculares. Material e Métodos: No total, os canais radiculares de 85 dentes incisivos superiores unirradiculares humanos extraídos foram preparados usando o sistema Revo-S para um tamanho 40/06. O forame apical de cada dente foi selado por material compósito de resina fotopolimerizável para obstruir o vazamento bacteriano. Os espécimes foram esterilizados em autoclave a 121 ° C por 15 min e armazenados até uso posterior. Todos os dentes, exceto cinco (grupo controle negativo), foram inoculados com Enterococcus faecalis e incubados em câmara de CO2 a 37 ° C por 7 dias; o caldo de soja tripticase foi trocado a cada 2 dias. Para a determinação da possível formação de biofilme, cinco dos 80 dentes foram selecionados aleatoriamente como grupo controle positivo; um dos dentes do grupo controle positivo foi analisado para o desenvolvimento do biofilme por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e estes dentes não receberam nenhum procedimento final de agitação irrigante. Em seguida, os 75 dentes restantes foram aleatoriamente divididos em cinco gruposteste (n = 15 cada) e irrigados sequencialmente com hipoclorito de sódio a 5% (NaOCl), ácido etilenodiaminotetracético a 17% e NaOCl a 5%. Após cada aplicação de irrigantes, diferentes técnicas finais de agitação foram introduzidas por 60 s (3 x 20 s sessões). Grupo 1 recebeu agitação manual-dinâmica, grupo 2 recebeu agitação ultra-sônica passiva (PUI), grupo 3 recebeu agitação EndoActivator, grupo 4 recebeu fotoacústica iniciada por fóton (PIPS) com o laser Er: YAG e grupo 5 recebeu irrigação convencional com seringa. As unidades formadoras de colônia (CFUs) foram contadas em amostras dos grupos controle positivo e teste. Os dados foram analisados utilizando testes de comparação múltipla Kruskal-Wallis e post-hoc Mann-Whitney U. Resultados: A eliminação de E. faecalis foi significativamente melhor nos grupos experimentais do que nos grupos de controle positivo (p < 0,001). Agitação manual-dinâmica e irrigação com seringa convencional, sem diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: Essencialmente, a redução de UFC foi significativamente maior nos grupos PUI, EndoActivator e PIPS do que nos grupos de agitação manual-dinâmica e de seringa convencional (p < 0,001), sem diferenças significativas entre os três grupos anteriores (AU)

Numerical simulation of streaming potential distribution in cancellous bone / 医用生物力学

Objective To analyze the pressure-driven streaming potential in a cancellous bone meso-mechanical model with numerical simulation, so as to understand characteristics of streaming potential distributions in cancellous bone. Methods Based on the control equations of electric field and fluid, the finite element method was used to calculate the streaming potential in the cancellous bone model when subjected to pressure. Results The streaming potential near the solid surface of the model was relatively large (about 43.4 μV), while the streaming potential away from the solid surface was smaller (about 19.7 μV). Pressure and Zeta potential had a significant impact on the streaming potential of the model, presenting a linear relationship with the streaming potential. The streaming potential was greatly affected when the ion concentration was low, whereas the effect on the streaming potential was small when the ion concentration was high. Conclusions This research finding provides a theoretical reference for prevention and treatment by stimulation methods of electric current and electromagnetic fields in clinical fractures, senile osteoporosis and other bone diseases.

Steady electrodiffusion in hydrogel-colloid composites: macroscale properties from microscale electrokinetics

A rigorous microscale electrokinetic model for hydrogel-colloid composites is adopted to compute macroscale profiles of electrolyte concentration, electrostatic potential, and hydrostatic pressure across membranes that separate electrolytes with different concentrations. The membranes are uncharged polymeric hydrogels in which charged spherical colloidal particles are immobilized and randomly dispersed with a low solid volume fraction. Bulk membrane characteristics and performance are calculated from a continuum microscale electrokinetic model (Hill 2006b, c). The computations undertaken in this paper quantify the streaming and membrane potentials. For the membrane potential, increasing the volume fraction of negatively charged inclusions decreases the differential electrostatic potential across the membrane under conditions where there is zero convective flow and zero electrical current. With low electrolyte concentration and highly charged nanoparticles, the membrane potential is very sensitive to the particle volume fraction. Accordingly, the membrane potential - and changes brought about by the inclusion size, charge and concentration - could be a useful experimental diagnostic to complement more recent applications of the microscale electrokinetic model for electrical microrheology and electroacoustics (Hill and Ostoja-Starzewski 2008, Wang and Hill 2008).

Um modelo eletrocinético rigoroso para compósitos formados por um hidrogel e um colóide é adotado para computar os perfis macroscópicos de concentração eletrolítica, potencial eletrostático e pressão hidrostática através de uma membrana que separa soluções com diferentes concentrações eletrolíticas. A membrana é composta por um hidrogel polimérico sem carga elétrica onde partículas esféricas são imobilizadas e dispersas aleatoriamente com baixa fração de volume do sólido. As características da membrana e a sua performance são calculadas a partir de um modelo eletrocinético de contínuo microscópico (Hill 2006b, c). As computações realizadas neste artigo quantificam os potenciais de corrente e de membrana. Para o potencial de membrana, aumentando a fração de volume das inclusões carregadas negativamente diminui o diferencial do potencial eletrostático através da membrana sob condições de fluxo convectivo e corrente elétrica nulos. Para concentrações eletrolíticas baixas o potencial de membrana torna-se muito sensível à fração de volume das partículas. De maneira similar, o potencial de membrana e as cargas elétricas trazidos pelo tamanho da inclusão, carga e concentração podem prover um diagnóstico experimental útil para complementar aplicações mais recentes do modelo eletrocinético microscópico em eletroacústica e eletro-micro-reologia (Hill and Ostoja-Starzewski 2008, Wang and Hill 2008).

Performance Test of Web Based 3D Medical Image System using Image Streaming Technique / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: It is still the important subject that 3D visualizing of medical images to help patient diagnose. There were many challenges for fast 3D visualization but it has some limitations that volume rendering without high price's hardware and software. Some techniques through the web were suggested to construct high quality's 3D visualization even though it was an only poor personal computer. This technique could share the volume rendering board and diagnose 3D images together. However there are some problems to construct web based 3D visualization. These are network delay, optimized visualization and security etc. The purpose of this paper was to visualize and control the 3D medical image having a high quality on the web. METHODS: To construct this system, we used mainly three tools which were VolumePro1000 board, WMV9(Windows Media Video 9 Codec) and socket functions based on TCP(Transmission Control Protocol). VolumePro1000 board could calculate quickly heavy matrixes of 3D images using phong's shading and shear-warp factorization. WMV9 was able to compress efficiently live images and to apply image streaming technique. Socket functions based on TCP transmitted messages to control the 3D images. RESULTS: We developed 3D visualization system and evaluated about image qualities and transmission conditions of different compression rates on unfixed network condition. CONCLUSION: It was big advantages that WMV9 encoder could decode automatically in many platforms(desk top, PDA, notebook, cellular phone, etc) without installing specific decoding programs if they only have Windows Media player. We expect 3D visualization system to be utilized various biomedical fields such as IIGS(Interactive Image Guided Surgery), CAD(Computer Aided Diagnosis) and Tele-medicine technologies.

Acoustic streaming for assessing adnexal cysts / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Acoustic streaming is movement of fluid or air due to a sound field. It is caused by a transfer of momentum form sound waves, and results in movement in the direction of wave propagation. While acoustic streaming has previously been noted in breast cyst fluid, the lateral ventricle of a premature infant and in blood, there has been very little evaluation of its clinical role. the purpose of this study was to determine whether acoustic streaming has clinical value in the differentiation between various ovarian and adnexal cysts. METHODS: We assessed 15 adnexal cysts, for which pathological diagnosis was available, for the presence of acoustic streaming during B-mode and color mapping evaluation. Case with totally solid lesions or cysts with anechoic contents were excluded. RESULTS: Acoustic streaming was detected in 5 (33%) of the cysts. Endometrioma (N=4) did not exhibit acoustic streaming in any case (P=0.004), while of the remaining 11 cysts 5 exhibited acoustic streaming. Dermoid cysts exhibited acoustic streaming in one of five (20%) cases. In addition acoustic streaming was noted in three of four (75%) mucinous cystadenoma, zero of one (0%) function cyst, one of one (100%) struma ovarii. CONCLUSION: Acoustic streaming is the first sonographic feature that may be able to exclude endometrioma as a possible diagnosis for an adnexal cysts.

Streaming Media Technology Applying Research in Modern Medicine Teaching / 医疗卫生装备

It elaborates streaming media technology and the principle of it's work, introduces the selection of streaming media system and recounted the constitute of the Windows Media Technology system and the method of making medical teaching lesson pieces using streaming media technique. At last, it discusses the application in the LAN.

Computer Literacy Education by Computer-assisted Instruction with Streaming Video / 医学教育

The computer experiences of students vary greatly. To help students achieve practical computer literacy while keeping them motivated, we tried computer-assisted instruction with streaming video for the Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel computer software programs. Each student could access a server computer that stored streaming videos and learn how to use the software while watching videos on the computer display. By leaving the explanation of basic operations to the computer, we teachers were could concentrate on the students' more complex questions. Most students gladly participated in our trial study. However, we must keep in mind that some students don't learn as quickly as others and that the quality of the streaming video needs to be improved. This method is useful when a few teachers must teach practical computer literacy to many students.

Study of the Pulse Waveform and the Design of the Portable, Non-invasive, Electromagnetic Stimulation for Enhancement of Fracture Healing

Since the concept of bioelectrical potentials in the bone was developed, various electrical systems have been utilized to heal non-united fractures. The asymmetrical and time varied pulsed electromagnetic stimulator was designed and utilized to treat eight fractures of the lower extremity and one congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia. Nonunited fractures, neglected old fractures, and a case of congenital pseudoarthrosis responded favorably to our designed pulse waveform. On the other hand, fresh fractures responded equivocally. A new1y designed electromagnetic stimulator which can deliver vascular and calcification pulses, will be developed on an industrial basis to provide various clinical and experimental applications.